Definitions [14]
Mixtures are formed when two or more substances are mixed together without participating in a chemical change. A mixture has a variable composition. A mixture shows the properties of the constituent substances. Physical methods can easily separate the constituents.
- Atoms/molecules of a mixture are of two or more types.
- The constituent molecules of a mixture are different from each other and are not joined by chemical bonds.
- Components in a mixture retain their original properties because they are not chemically combined.
- The proportion of constituent substances in a mixture can change.
- The properties of constituent substances are retained in the mixture.
- Unlike compounds, mixtures do not have a fixed ratio of their components.
For Examples,
Air is a mixture containing nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), and other gases.
Types of mixture
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Homo means same. A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. For example, salt in water. It has a uniform composition, and it can’t be separated out physically.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Hetero means different. A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. For example, vegetable soup. It has a non-uniform composition and can be separated out physically.
Define the following:
Pure substance
Pure substance: “Pure Substance is either element or compound. It contains the same kind of atom or molecules and has a definite set of physical and chemical properties.”
Define the following:
Impure substance
Impure substance: “A substance in which some other substances are also present in smaller or larger amounts is called an impure substance. Mixtures are impure substances. An example of an impure substance is air.
Define the following:
Solution
Solution: “The homogeneous mixture of water (or any other solvent) and a substance soluble in it is called a solution.”
Define the following:
Heterogeneous mixture
Heterogeneous mixture: “A mixture in which the components are not uniformly distributed through its volume and can be easily seen separately is called a heterogeneous mixture.”
Define the following:
Homogeneous mixture
Homogeneous mixture: “A mixture in which its constituents are uniformly distributed throughout its volume and cannot be seen separately is called a homogenous mixture.”
Define the following:
Alloy
Alloy: “A homogeneous solid mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal is called an alloy.”
Define :- Miscible liquids
Miscible liquids : Homogeneous liquid-liquid mixtures are called miscible liquids.
Define :- Immiscible liquids
Immiscible liquids : Heterogeneous liquid-liquid mixtures are called immiscible liquids.
Define :- Distillation
Distillation : Distillation is the method of getting a pure liquid from a solution by evaporating and then condensing the vapours.
Define Distillation
The process in which liquid is converted into its vapor phase at its boiling point and the vapor is then condensed back to liquid on cooling is known as distillation.
Define :- Distillation
Distillation : Distillation is the method of getting a pure liquid from a solution by evaporating and then condensing the vapours.
Define Distillation
The process in which liquid is converted into its vapor phase at its boiling point and the vapor is then condensed back to liquid on cooling is known as distillation.
Define the Stationary phase.
Stationary phase is a solid or a liquid supported on a solid which remains fixed in a place and on which different solutes are adsorbed to a different extent.
