Revision: Biomolecules Biology HSC Science (General) 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board

Nucleic acids are macromolecules composed of many small units or monomers called nucleotides.

Metabolism is the sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.

Biomolecules are essential substances produced by our body which are necessary for life.

Carbohydrates are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or compounds that can be hydrolysed to polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones.

α-Amino acids are carboxylic acids having an amino (–NH₂) group bonded to the α-carbon, that is, the carbon next to the carboxyl (–COOH) group.

The bond that connects α-amino acids to each other is called a peptide bond.

Chemically proteins are polyamides which are high molecular weight polymers of the monomer units, i.e., α-amino acids. OR It can also be defined as proteins are the biopolymers of a large number of α-amino acids and they are naturally occurring polymeric nitrogenous organic compounds containing 16% nitrogen and peptide linkages (-CO-NH-)

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living cells without being consumed in the process.

The unit formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the furanose (sugar) with a nitrogen of a base is called nucleoside.

Nucleic acids are large biological macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information in living organisms.

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that stores and transmits hereditary information and can replicate itself.

RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid that helps in protein synthesis and information transfer.

A nucleotide is the basic structural unit of nucleic acids, composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

A nucleoside consists of a nitrogenous base linked to a pentose sugar without a phosphate group.

A nitrogenous base is an organic molecule (purine or pyrimidine) that carries genetic information in nucleic acids.