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प्रश्न
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
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उत्तर
(a) You can easily grow a large quantity of the bacteria/no ethical issues/have plasmids/can easily transform.
(b) PCR will not amplify the gene.
If the polymerase enzyme denatures at low temperatures, it will not be able to withstand high temperatures which is essential for separating/opening/unwinding/denaturing DNA strands to open. Thus subsequent step of extending the primers using the nucleotides provided in the reaction and the genomic DNA as the template will not occur.
(c) Positive effect: Oil spills can be treated and the environment becomes better/cleaner/water becomes more potable/safe for aquatic forms/safe for water birds like seagulls.
Negative effect: The bacteria can mutate/can harm other organisms/can conjugate with other non-virulent forms and make them super-bugs with detrimental effects/unpredictable/for a longer duration it may reduce the dissolved oxygen and lead to mortality of aquatic organisms.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What does PCR stand for? Describe the different steps of PCR
Give the steps in PCR or polymerase chain reaction with suitable diagrams.
The technique which involves addition or deletion of genes is ______.
Match the Column I (Restriction enzyme) with Column II (Recognition sequence) and select the correct option.
| column I (Restriction Enzyme) | column II (Recognition sequence) | ||
| i. | Alu | P. | 5'---G- ↓-G-A-T-C-C---3' 3'---C-C-T-A-G- -G---5 |
| ii. | BamHI | Q. | 5'--- A-G- ↓ -C-T---3' 3' ---T-C- G-A--- 5' |
| iii. | Eco RI | R. | 5'--G-T-C- ↓ -G-A-C--3' I 3'--C-A-G-t-C-T-G--5' |
| iv. | HindII | S. | 5'---G- ↓ -A-A-T-T-C---3' 3'---C-T-T-A-A- -G---5' |
______ is the soil bacterium that causes crown gall characterized by tumors in plants.
The vector Baculovirus is used for gene transfer in ____________.
Annealing step of PCR operates at ______ °C.
Which of the following statements are true about cloning vectors?
- Vectors are DNA molecules that carry a foreign DNA segment.
- The replicated DNA is introduced into the host cell.
- It possesses the origin of replication (Ori).
- Vectors may be plasmid, bacteriophage, Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), etc.
- Vectors do not require a selectable marker to identify and eliminate non-transformants.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Which amino acid is coded by the initiation codon?
Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the cloning vector shown above. In which organism in this cloning vector inserted?
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Mention any two restriction sites shown in the diagram.
- Name any two selectable markers shown in the diagram.
