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प्रश्न
Nitration is an example of aromatic electrophilic substitution and its rate depends upon the group already present in the benzene ring. Out of benzene and phenol, which one is more easily nitrated and why?
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उत्तर
Phenol is more easily nitrated than benzene as the presence of –OH group in phenol increases the electron density at ortho and para positions in benzene ring by +R effect. The nitration, being an electrophilic substitution reaction is more facile where the electron density is more.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Write the final product(s) in each of the following reactions:
Write the main products when
2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis
Write the main product(s) in each of the following reactions:
Explain the following with an example.
Kolbe’s reaction.
Picric acid is ____________.
When phenol is treated with excess bromine water, it gives:
When phenol is heated with CHCl3 and alcoholic KOH when salicylaldehyde is produced. This reaction is known as ____________.
In the reaction of phenol with CHCl3 and aqueous NaOH at 343 K, the electrophile attacking the ring is:
\[\ce{C2H5OH + SOCl2 ->[Pyridine] C2H5Cl + SO2 + HCl}\]
The above reaction is known as:
Which of the following reactions is used to prepare salicylaldehyde?
Phenol does not undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction easily due to ______.
Which of the following are used to convert \[\ce{RCHO}\] into \[\ce{RCH2OH}\]?
(i) \[\ce{H2/Pd}\]
(ii) \[\ce{LiAlH4}\]
(iii) \[\ce{NaBH4}\]
(iv) Reaction with \[\ce{RMgX}\] followed by hydrolysis
Which of the following are benzylic alcohols?
(i) \[\ce{C6H5 - CH2 - CH2OH}\]
(ii) \[\ce{C6H5 - CH2OH}\]
(iii) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{C6H5 - CH - OH}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{.}\\
\phantom{..}\ce{CH3}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
(iv) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{C6H5 - CH2 - CH - OH}\\
\phantom{.......}|\phantom{}\\
\phantom{.........}\ce{CH3}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
Out of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, which is more volatile? Explain.
Which of the following is not aromatic?
Why ortho-nitrophenol is steam volatile while para-nitrophenol is not?
For the pair phenol and cyclohexanol, answer the following:
Give one chemical test to distinguish between the two.
Convert the following by giving a chemical equation:
Phenol to salicylaldehyde.
