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प्रश्न
List the advantages of recombinant insulin.
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उत्तर
Insulin used for diabetes was earlier extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. Insulin from an animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergies or other types of reactions to the foreign protein. Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone (like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormone also needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone) which contains an extra stretch called the C peptide. This C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin. The main challenge for the production of insulin using rDNA techniques was getting insulin assembled into a mature form. In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them to plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
State the role of C-peptide in human insulin.
What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
State the best-known contribution of P.K. Sethi
Why does Bt toxin not kill the bacterium that produces it, but kill the insect that ingests it?
The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of ________.
Which one of the following statements is true regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR?
ELISA is mainly used for ____________.
How is the amplification of a gene sample of interest carried out using PCR?
What is genetically engineered Insulin?
Explain how ADA deficiency can be corrected?
What are DNA vaccines?
PCR is a useful tool for early diagnosis of an Infectious disease. Elaborate.
The site of production of ADA the body is ______.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?
A cell-free method of amplifying DNA first developed in the mid 1980's revolutionised the field of biotechnology, Name the method and explain the basic steps of the technique involved.
A host cell must be made competent, before it is able to receive an rDNA. Justify.
Explain how recombinant human insulin was prepared in 1983 by Eli Lily an American company.
The diagram given below represents the schematic structure of proinsulin, which undergoes certain modifications before it becomes a fully functional insulin.
Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow:
- State the change the proinsulin undergoes to become fully functional.
- Name the modern scientific technique used for the production of human insulin.
- How are the two polypeptide chains of the fully functional insulin held together?
