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प्रश्न
Explain any 'two methods' of measuring price elasticity of demand.
State the three methods of measuring price elasticity of demand.
State the point method of measuring the price elasticity of demand.
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उत्तर १
- Ratio Method: Ratio method is used to estimate elasticity at any point on a straight line demand curve. Elasticity is measured as the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price i.e
`e_d = "Percentage change in demand for a good"/"Percentage change in the price of a good"` - Geometric Method: A geometric method is also called point method of measuring elasticity. Under this method, elasticity is measured at different points on a demand curve. This method of measuring price elasticity was developed by Dr Marshall. The price elasticity on any point of the demand curve is calculated by using the following formula.
`"Price Elasticity of Demand" = "Lower segment of the demand curve below the given point"/"Upper segment of demand curve above the given point"`
Accordingly, at the mid-point of straight line demand curve, the elasticity will be equal to one. For points above the mid-point, the elasticity will be greater than one. On the contrary, for points below the mid-point, the elasticity will be less than one.
उत्तर २
- Percentage or Proportionate Method: The ratio of the percentage change in the quantity demanded to the percentage change in the commodity's price is used in this method to calculate price elasticity of demand. Thus:
`e_p = "Percentage change in quantity demanded"/"Percentage change in price"` - Total Expenditure Method: Marshall suggests the 'Total Expenditure Method' as one way to measure price elasticity of demand. The amount that households spend when they buy a commodity is known as the total expenditure or total outlay. TE = P × Q, where TE is the total expenditure and P and Q are the price and quantity, respectively, is the product of a commodity's price and the quantity required at that price.
- Point Method (Geometric Method): Geometrically, price elasticity of demand can be measured with the help of what is known as 'Point Method'. According to this method, price elasticity of demand at any point on the demand curve can be measured by:
ep = `"Line segment below the point on the demand curve"/"Line segment above the point on the demand curve"`
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Income elasticity of demand for inferior goods is negative.
Demand for the commodity having multiple uses has elastic demand.
Explain the factors determining the elasticity of demand.
Price elasticity of demand of goods X is -2 and goods Y is -3. Which of the two goods is more price elastic and why?
A consumer buys 18 units of a good at a price of Rs 9 per unit. The price elasticity of demand for the good is (–) 1. How many units the consumer will buy at a price of Rs 10 per unit? Calculate.
The price elasticity of demand for a good is - 0.4. If its price increases by 5 percent, by what percentage will its demand fall? Calculate.
Price elasticity of demand for the two goods X and Y are zero and (–) 1 respectively. Which of the two is more elastic and why?
As we move along a downward sloping straight line demand curve from left to right, price
an elasticity of demand : (choose the correct alternative)
(a) remains unchanged
(b) goes on falling
(c) goes on rising
(d) falls initially then rises
When the price of a commodity X falls by 10 percent. Its demand rises from 150 units to 180
units. Calculate is price elasticity of demand. How much should be the percentage fall in its
price so that its demand rises from 150 to 210 units?
When the price of good rise from Rs 10 per unit to Rs 12 per unit, its quantity demanded falls by 20 percent. Calculate its price elasticity of demand. How much would be the percentage change in its quantity demanded, if the price rises from Rs 10 per unit to Rs 13 per unit?
A consumer spends Rs 1000 on a good priced at Rs 8 per unit. When price rises by 25 percent, the consumer continues to spend Rs 1000 on the good. Calculate the price elasticity of demand by percentage method.
A consumer spends Rs 1,000 on a good priced at Rs10 per unit. When its price falls by 20 percent, the consumer spends Rs800 on the good. Calculate the price elasticity of demand by the Percentage method
A consumer spends Rs 100 on a good priced at Rs 4 per unit. When its price falls by 25 percent, the consumer spends Rs 75 on the good. Calculate the price elasticity of demand by the Percentage method.
Price elasticity of demand of a good is (-)1. When its price per unit falls by one rupee, its de from 16 to 18 units. Calculate the price before a change
A consumer buys 30 units of a good at a price of the Rs10per unit. The price elasticity of demand for the good is (-) 1. How many units will the consumer buy at a price of Rs 9 per unit? Calculate.
When the price of a good falls from Rs 10 to Rs 8 per unit, its demand rises from 20 units to 24 units. What can you say about price elasticity of demand of the good through the expenditure approach?
When the price of good rises from Rs10 to Rs12 per unit, its demand falls from 25 units to 20 units. What can you say about price elasticity of demand of the good through the 'expenditure approach'?
A consumer buys 27 units of a good at a price of Rs 10 per unit. When the price falls to Rs 9 per unit, the demand rises to 30 units. What can you say about price elasticity of demand of the good through the 'expenditure approach'?
Write short notes on the Proportional method of measuring the elasticity of demand.
A consumer spends Rs 200 on a good priced at Rs 5 per unit. When the price falls by 20 percent, he continues to spend Rs 200. Find the price elasticity of demand by percentage method.
A consumer spends Rs 400 on a good priced at Rs 4 per unit. When the price rises by 25 percent, the consumer continues to spend Rs 400. Calculate the price elasticity of demand by percentage method.
A consumer buys 10 units of a commodity at a price of Rs. 10 per unit. He incurs an expenditure of Rs 200 on buying 20 units. Calculate price elasticity of demand by the percentage method. Comment upon the shape of demand curve based on this information.
Define or explain the following concept.
Unitary elastic demand.
Write a short note on factors determining elasticity of demand.
State whether the following statement is True or False :
Concept of elasticity of demand is useful for finance minister.
What is the elasticity of demand?
State whether the following statement isTrue or False with reason:
The concept of elasticity of demand is useful in economic theory.
Give reasons or explain the following statements
Demand for basic necessities is inelastic.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate alternatives given in the bracket.
Demand elasticity can be measured from demand curve by ___________ method.
What do you mean by a normal good?
What do you mean by substitutes? Give examples of two goods which are complements of each other.
What do you mean by complements? Give examples of two goods which are complements of each other.
Explain price elasticity of demand.
Consider the demand curve D(p) = 10 − 3p. What is the elasticity at price `5/3` ?
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
Income elasticity of demand for inferior goods is __________.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
Perfectly elastic demand curve is ________________.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
Cross elasticity of demand is applicable to ____________ goods.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
The slope of demand curve is _______________ in case of inelastic demand.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE.
Demand for luxuries is elastic.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE.
Perfectly inelastic demand curve is parallel to the X axis.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE.
Total outlay is price multiplied by quantity.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE.
Concept of Elasticity of Demand is useful for finance minister.
Define the following concept:
Cross Elasticity of Demand
Define or explain the following concept:
Unitary Elastic Demand
Give reason or explain the following statement:
Demand for habitual goods is inelastic.
Give reason or explain the following statement:
Demand for commodity having multiple uses has elastic demand.
Give reason or explain the following statement:
Demand for goods having snob appeal has elastic demand.
Write short answer for the following question :
Total outlay method of measuring price elasticity of demand.
Draw a diagram to show the elasticity of demand when it is greater than one.
Define price elasticity of demand.
Answer the following question.
If the price of a commodity rises by 40% and its quantity demanded falls from150 units to 120 units, calculate the coefficient of price elasticity of demand for the commodity.
State whether the following statement is true or false. Give valid reasons in support of your answer.
The coefficient of price elasticity of demand for the commodity is inversely related to the number of alternative uses of the commodity.
Choose the correct answer from given options.
The expenditure on a good would change in the opposite direction as the price changes only when demand is ______
Arrange the following coefficients of price elasticity of demand in ascending order:
(−) 3.1, (−) 0.2, (−) 1.1
Give an economic term:
Elasticity resulting from a proportionate change in quantity demanded due to a proportionate change in price.
The concept of elasticity of demand was introduced by
Elasticity of demand is equal to one indicates
What are the methods of measuring Elasticity of demand?
Identify the correct pair of items from the following Columns I and II:
| Columns I | Columns II |
| (1) Perfectly elastic supply | (a) Es > 1 |
| (2) Perfectly inelastic supply | (b) Es < 1 |
| (3) Unitary elastic supply | (c) Es = 1 |
| (4) Relatively elastic supply | (d) Es = 0 |
If a good takes up a significant share of consumers' budget, its demand will be ______.
Elasticity of the demand is available when:
Assertion (A): The elastic demand curve for luxuries is flatter than normal.
Reason (R): The coefficient of Elasticity ranges between 0 and 1.
Identify the correctly matched pair from the items in Column A by matching them to the items in column B:
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Increase or decrease in demand for a commodity does not cause any change in its price. | (a) Effect on supply, in the case of Perfectly Elastic Demand. |
| 2. Increase or decrease in demand causes a change in the price of the commodity. Equilibrium quantity remains constant. | (b) Effect on demand, in the case of Perfectly Inelastic Supply. |
| 3. Increase or decrease in demand cause a change in the price of the commodity. Equilibrium quantity remains constant. | (c) Effect on demand, in the case of Perfectly Elastic Supply. |
| 4. Increase or decrease in demand for a commodity does not cause any change in its price. | (d) Effect on supply, in the case of Perfectly Elastic Demand. |
Identify the correctly matched pair from the items in Column A by matching them to the items in Column B:
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Relatively Inelastic Demand | (a) | ed > 1 |
| 2 | Relatively Elastic Demand | (b) | ed < 1 |
| 3 | Perfectly Inelastic Demand | (c) | ed = 0 |
| 4 | Perfectly Elastic Demand | (d) | ed = 1 |
Assertion (A): Elasticity of demand explains that one variable is influenced by another variable.
Reasoning (R): The concept of elasticity of demand indicates the effect of price and changes in other factors on demand.
State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:
The elasticity of demand gets influenced by the nature of the commodity.
Study the following table and answer the questions:
| Price of Pen (₹) | Demand for Pen |
| 10 | 500 |
| `square` | 400 |
| 30 | `square` |
| `square` | 200 |
| 50 | `square` |
Questions:
- Complete the above table.
- Which type of relationship is found between the price of a pen and demand for the pen?
Assertion (A) : A change in quantity demanded of one commodity due to a change in the price of other commodity is cross elasticity.
Reasoning (R) : Changes in consumers income leads to a change in the quantity demanded.
mention any two examples of composite demand.
The price of a good decreases from ₹100 to 80 per unit. If the price elasticity of demand for the good is 2 and the original quantity demanded is 30 units, calculate the new quantity demanded.
Explain the concept of price elasticity of demand.
The elasticity of demand for school bag will be ______.
Explain the term elasticity of demand.
Price elasticity of demand is defined as the percentage change in the quantity demanded of a commodity divided by the percentage change in the price of that commodity.
When change in price is greater than the change in quantity demand it is a case of elastic demand.
- Luxuries goods have generally elastic demand.
- Goods whose close substitutes are available have inelastic demand.
Define elasticity of demand.
When is the demand for a good said to be elastic?
What is meant by elastic demand?
What does elasticity of demand measure?
Which type of good typically has inelastic demand?
What is unit elasticity of demand?
