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प्रश्न
Discuss the process of translation in detail.
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उत्तर
It is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain. The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
This process involves 3 steps.
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination. During the initiation, tRNA gets charged when the aminoacid binds to using ATP. The start codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of translation and contains two separate sites in a large subunit for the attachment of subsequent aminoacid. The small subunit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the initiation codon (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon downstream along with mRNA so as to leave the space for binding of another charged tRNA. The aminoacid brought by tRNA gets linked with the previous aminoacid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the formation of a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (UAA, UAG and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is released and ribosomes get detached from mRNA.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give an example of a codon having dual function.
Write the contributions of the following scientists in deciphering the genetic code.
George Gamow; Hargobind Khorana; Marshall Nirenberg; Severo Ochoa
Answer the following question.
State the importance of a Genetic code in protein biosynthesis.
Differentiate between the genetic codes given below:
Degenerate and Initiator
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: UAU
One of the following is true with respect to AUG.
DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which are linked to each other by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bond. To prevent polymerisation of nucleotides, which of the following modifications would you choose?
H. J. Muller was awarded Nobel Prize for his ______.
Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon, hence the genetic code is ______.
The mutations that involve addition, deletion or substitution of a single pair in a gene are referred to as ______.
If the sequence of bases in coding strand of DNA is ATTCGATG, then the sequence of bases in mRNA will be ______.
Genetic code translates the language of:
Genetic code was discovered by:
Which amino acid is determined by four genetic codes?
How many codons code for amino acid?
There is only one possible sequence of amino acids when deduced from a given nucleotides. But multiple nucleotides sequence can be deduced from a single amino acid sequence. Explain this phenomena.
