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प्रश्न
Discuss the process of translation in detail.
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उत्तर
It is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain. The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
This process involves 3 steps.
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination. During the initiation, tRNA gets charged when the aminoacid binds to using ATP. The start codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of translation and contains two separate sites in a large subunit for the attachment of subsequent aminoacid. The small subunit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the initiation codon (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon downstream along with mRNA so as to leave the space for binding of another charged tRNA. The aminoacid brought by tRNA gets linked with the previous aminoacid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the formation of a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (UAA, UAG and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is released and ribosomes get detached from mRNA.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give an example of a codon having a dual function.
Differentiate between the genetic codes given below:
Unambiguous and Universal
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: AAU.
One of the following is true with respect to AUG.
The number of base substitution possible in amino acid codons is ______.
The mutations that involve addition, deletion or substitution of a single pair in a gene are referred to as ______.
Sickle cell anemia results from a single base substitution in a gene, thus it is an example of ______.
If the sequence of bases in coding strand of DNA is ATTCGATG, then the sequence of bases in mRNA will be ______.
AUG on the mRNA will result in the activation of which of the following RNA having the correct combination of amino acids:
| Site A | Site B | |
| A. | UAC | Methionine |
| B. | Methionine | UAC |
| C. | Methionine | AUG |
| D. | AUG | Methionine |
Percentage of mitochondrial DNA in the cell is:
Genetic code was discovered by:
What would happen if in a gene encoding a polypeptide of so amino acid 25th (UAC) is match to UAA?
Genetic code is universal, it means ______
How many codons code for amino acid?
Frame shift mutations are caused by ______.
Based on your understanding of genetic code, explain the formation of any abnormal hemoglobin molecule. What are the known consequences of such a change?
There is only one possible sequence of amino acids when deduced from a given nucleotides. But multiple nucleotides sequence can be deduced from a single amino acid sequence. Explain this phenomena.
Which one of the following is a termination codon?
Who proposed that the genetic code for amino acids should be made up of three nucleotides?
