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प्रश्न
Discuss the process of translation in detail.
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उत्तर
It is the process of polymerizing amino acid to form a polypeptide chain. The triplet sequence of base pairs in mRNA defines the order and sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
This process involves 3 steps.
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination. During the initiation, tRNA gets charged when the aminoacid binds to using ATP. The start codon (AUG) present on mRNA is recognized only by the charged tRNA. The ribosome acts as an actual site for the process of translation and contains two separate sites in a large subunit for the attachment of subsequent aminoacid. The small subunit of ribosome binds to mRNA at the initiation codon (AUG) followed by the large subunit. Then, it initiates the process of translation. During the elongation process, the ribosome moves one codon downstream along with mRNA so as to leave the space for binding of another charged tRNA. The aminoacid brought by tRNA gets linked with the previous aminoacid through a peptide bond and this process continues resulting in the formation of a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches one or more STOP codon (UAA, UAG and UGA), the process of translation gets terminated. The polypeptide chain is released and ribosomes get detached from mRNA.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Give an example of a codon having a dual function.
Give reasons:
Genetic code is ‘universal’.
Name the anticodon required to recognize the following codon: UAU
One of the following is true with respect to AUG.
Because most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon, the genetic code is ______.
The change of the light coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonarid) is due to ______.
Sickle cell anemia results from a single base substitution in a gene, thus it is an example of ______.
Which of the following organ is essential for photorespiration?
Phenylalanine is a ______.
Percentage of mitochondrial DNA in the cell is:
Genetic code translates the language of:
George Gamow suggested that each codon coding for an amino acid consists of ______
Statement I: The codon ‘AUG’ codes for methionine and phenylalanine.
Statement II: ‘AAA’ and ‘AAG’ both codons code for the amino acid lysine.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Statement I:
The codon ‘AUG’ codes for methionine and phenylalanine.
Statement II:
‘AAA’ and ‘AAG’ are both codons that code for the amino acid lysine.
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Which of the following statements is the most appropriate for sickle cell anaemia?
A single base mutation in a gene may not ‘always’ result in loss or gain of function. Do you think the statement is correct? Defend your answer.
There is only one possible sequence of amino acids when deduced from a given nucleotides. But multiple nucleotides sequence can be deduced from a single amino acid sequence. Explain this phenomena.
Which one of the following is a termination codon?
