Topics
Crystal Structure
- Introduction to Crystallography
- Study of characteristics of unit cell of Diamond, ZnS, NaCl and HCP;
- Miller Indices of Crystallographic Planes and Directions
- Interplanar Spacing
- X-ray Diffraction
- Bragg’S Law
- Determination of Crystal structure using Bragg’s diffractometer
- Frenkel and Schotkey Crystal Defects
- Ionic Crystal Legancy (3,4,6,8)
- Liquid Crystal Phases
Quantum Mechanics
- Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
- Wave Particle Duality
- De Broglie Wavelength
- Experimental Verification of De Broglie Theory
- Properties of Matter Waves
- Wave Packet
- Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
- Wave Function
- Physical Interpretation of Wave Function
- Heisenberg’S Uncertainty Principle
- Electron Diffraction Experiment
- Gama Ray Microscope Experiment
- Applications of Uncertainty Principle
- Schrodinger’S Time Dependent Wave Equation
- Time Independent Wave Equation
- Motion of Free Particle
- Particle Trapped in One Dimensional Infinite Potential Well
Semiconductor Physics
- Splitting of Energy Levels for Band Formation
- Electrical Conduction in Solids
- Conductivity, mobility, current density (drift & diffusion) in semiconductors(n type and p type)
- Fermi Dirac Distribution Function
- Fermi Energy Level in Intrinsic Semiconductors
- Fermi energy level in extrinsic semiconductors
- Effect of Impurity Concentration on Fermi Level
- Effect of Temperature on Fermi Level
- Fermi Level Diagram for P-N Junction
- Breakdown Mechanism
- Hall Effect
- Applications of semiconductors : Rectifier diode, LED, Zener diode, Photo diode, Photovoltaic cell, BJT, FET, SCR., MOSFET
Superconductivity
- Introduction to Superconductivity
- Meissner Effect
- Type I superconductors
- Type II Superconductors
- BCS Theory (concept of Cooper pair)
- Josephson Effect
- Applications of superconductors- SQUID, MAGLEV
Dieletctrics and Magnetic Materials
Acoustics
- Conditions of Good Acoustics
- Reflection of Sound(Reverberation and Echo)
- Absorption of Sound
- Absorption Coefficient
- Sabine’s formula
- Acoustic Design of a hall
- Common Acoustic Defects
- Common Acoustic Materials
Ultrasonics
- Ultrasonic Wave Generation
- Magnetostriction Oscillator
- Piezoelectric Oscillator
- Applications of Ultrasonic : Eco sounding
- NDT
- ultrasonic cleaning(cavitation)
- Ultrasonic Sensors
- Industrial Applications of Ultrasonic
Estimated time: 9 minutes
- Introduction
- Conductors
- Insulators
- Semiconductors
- Table
- Concept of Electrical Conductivity
- Classification of Semiconductors
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Energy Bands
The different energy levels with continuous energy variation are called energy bands.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Valence Band
The range of energies possessed by valence electrons is called valence band.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Conduction Band
The range of energies possessed by conduction electrons is called conduction band.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Forbidden Energy Gap
The energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band is called forbidden energy gap.
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Conductors
The solids which have a large number of free electrons are called conductors. (e.g. Iron, Aluminium)
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Insulators
The solids which have very small number of free electrons are called insulators. (e.g. Glass, Wood)
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Definition: Semiconductors
The material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, whose number of charge carriers can be controlled as per requirement, is called a semiconductor. (e.g. Silicon, Germanium)
Maharashtra State Board: Class 11
Key Points: Energy Bands in Solids
- Conductors → Eg = 0 - bands overlap, electrons flow freely.
- Semiconductors → Eg < 3 eV — small gap, conducts at room temperature.
- Insulators → Eg > 5 eV — large gap, no conduction.
- Ge = 0.72 eV, Si = 1.1 eV — both semiconductors.
- Metal conductivity decreases with temp. Semiconductor conductivity increases with temp.
