CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CBSE Syllabus 2026-27 Class 12: The CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CBSE Class 12 Geography Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CBSE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CBSE Class 12 Geography Revised Syllabus
CBSE Class 12 Geography Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Human Geography - Nature and Scope [Revision]
- Introduction to Human Geography
- Nature of Human Geography
- Naturalisation of Humans and Humanisation of Nature
- Human Geography through the Corridors of Time
- Fields and Sub-fields of Human Geography
- Fields and Sub-fields of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
2: Unit II [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
2 The World Population Density, Distribution and Growth [Revision]
3 Human Development [Revision]
3: Unit III [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
4 Primary Activities [Revision]
5 Secondary Activities [Revision]
6 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities [Revision]
7 Transport, Communication and Trade [Revision]
8 International Trade [Revision]
4: Map Work (Based on identification of features on World Political Map) [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
1 Population Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition [Revision]
6: Unit II [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
2 Human Settlements [Revision]
7: Unit III [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
3 Land Resources and Agriculture [Revision]
4 Water Resources [Revision]
5 Mineral and Energy Resources [Revision]
6 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context [Revision]
8: Unit IV [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
7 Transport and Communication [Revision]
8 International Trade [Revision]
9: Unit V [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
9 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems [Revision]
10: Map Work (Based on locating and labelling on a political map of India) [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
11: Geography Practical II [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus
1 Data – Its Source and Compilation [Revision]
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Personal Observations
- Interview
- Questionnaire/Schedule
- Other Methods
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Published Sources
- Unpublished Sources
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Absolute Data
- Percentage/Ratio
- Index Number
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Frequency Distribution
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
2 Data Processing [Revision]
- Mode
- Computing Mode for Ungrouped Data
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Range
- Standard Deviation
- Coefficient of Variation (CV)
- Rank Correlation
- Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Spearman’s Rank Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Perfect Correlations
- Other Correlations
- Overview of Data Processing
3 Graphical Representation of Data [Revision]
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Selection of a Suitable Method
- Selection of Suitable Scale
- Design
- Construction of Diagrams
- Line Graph
- Bar Diagram
- Multiple Bar Diagram
- Pie Diagram
- Calculation of Angles
- Flow Maps/Chart
- Thematic Maps
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Dot Maps
- Choropleth Map
- Isopleth Map
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
4 Spatial Information Technology [Revision]
- Spatial Information Technology
- Introduction
- Forms of Geographical Information
- Advantages of GIS over Manual Method
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- What is Geographical Information System (GIS)?
- Forms of Geographical Information
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Raster Data Format
- Vector Data Format
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Raster Data Structure
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Vector Data Structure
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Spatial Data Input
- Entering the Attribute Data
- Data Verification and Editing
- Geographic Data : Linkages and Matching
- Spatial Analysis
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
