Arts (English Medium) Class 12 - CBSE Question Bank Solutions

Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old style rule of the Communist Party. 

Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control. 

Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states. The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation. 

In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded. 

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics. 

The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones. 

The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union. 

It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried. 

Which were the three major republics of the USSR?

Read the following passage and answer accordingly.

Economist Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1990, for post-communist Russia in 1992, and several other countries, including Bolivia and Chile. 

Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapy in ending a period of hyperinflation.

Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%. 

Sachs did not like the term shock therapy, which he said was coined by the media and made the reform process sound more painful than it was.

In Russia, neo-liberal shock therapy did not produce favourable outcomes. Shock therapy was applied swiftly and in large scale, as opposed to how it was applied to other nations. 

Almost all of Russia’s industries were undervalued and sold to private individuals and companies, with most acquired by a few Russian oligarchs.

With limited government intervention, most industries disappeared. The Russian currency declined, causing high inflation and the erosion of most citizens’ savings. Unemployment increased drastically, and government subsidies were removed, further pushing Russian families into poverty.

Who developed the plan of the Shock therapy for the post-communist Poland?

South Asia stands for diversity in every sense and yet constitutes one geo-political space. Do you agree with the statement? Give two reasons for your answer.

Choose the correct set of countries that refused to adopt the Maastricht Treaty and European currency, the Euro.

”The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War. However, in no time, the Soviet system became bureaucratic and authoritarian making life difficult for its citizens.” Do you agree with the given statement? Give arguments to prove your answer.

Highlight any two factors that establish European Union as a Nation State.

Name any four countries that are included in South Asia.

Explain the process of democratisation in Maldives.

Name any four members of the European Union.

"South Asia constitution one geo-political space yet stands for diversity." Justify the statement.

In the given political map of India, four states have been marked as A, B, C, and D. Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabet as per the format that follows:

1. The state to which Raj Kumari Amrit Kaur, Health Minister in Nehru's Cabinet, belonged.
2. The state to which former Congress President. S. Nijalingappa, belonged.
3. The state where Karpoori Thakur was the Chief Minister.
4. The State to which the political party DMK belongs.

Highlight any four factors that have made the European Union act as a Nation State.

______ means the progress that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the need of future generation.

Arrange the following in the chronological order:

1. Appointment of Lal Bahadur Shastri as Prime Minister.
2. Tashkent Agreement.
3. The fourth General Elections.
4. Election of V.V. Giri as the President of India.

"The South Asian experience of democracy has expanded the global imagination of democracy.” Justify the statement. 

Explain the process of evolution of the European Union from an economic union to an increasingly political one. 

Highlight any four outcomes of the ‘Earth Summit’ held in June 1992 at Rio.

Highlight any two international movements against the environmental degradation.

The decade of 'Third Democratic Upsurge' in India was ______.

Which two political parties were the major partners in the ruling alliance after the 1971 General Election to the Lok Sabha.