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Arrange the set of compound in order of their decreasing relative reactivity with an electrophile, E+ Toluene, p-H3C–C6H4–NO2, p-O2N–C6H4–NO2.
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Out of benzene, m–dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why?
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Suggest the name of a Lewis acid other than anhydrous aluminium chloride which can be used during ethylation of benzene.
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An organic compound contains 69% carbon and 4.8% hydrogen, the remainder being oxygen. Calculate the masses of carbon dioxide and water produced when 0.20 g of this substance is subjected to complete combustion.
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What is the pH of 0.001 M aniline solution? The ionization constant of aniline can be taken from Table 7.7. Calculate the degree of ionization of aniline in the solution. Also calculate the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline
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Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.05M acetic acid if its pKa value is 4.74.
How is the degree of dissociation affected when its solution also contains
- 0.01 M
- 0.1 M in HCl?
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The ionization constant of dimethylamine is 5.4 × 10–4. Calculate its degree of ionization in its 0.02 M solution. What percentage of dimethylamine is ionized if the solution is also 0.1 M in NaOH?
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Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the following biological fluids whose pH are given below:
Human muscle-fluid, 6.83
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Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the following biological fluids whose pH are given below:
Human stomach fluid, 1.2
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Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the following biological fluids whose pH are given below:
Human blood, 7.38
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Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in the following biological fluids whose pH are given below:
Human saliva, 6.4.
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A 0.02 M solution of pyridinium hydrochloride has pH = 3.44. Calculate the ionization constant of pyridine.
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Use the molecular orbital energy level diagram to show that \[\ce{N2}\] would be expected to have a triple bond, \[\ce{F2}\], a single bond and \[\ce{Ne2}\], no bond.
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At 298 K. Kp for the reaction \[\ce{N2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g)}\] is 0.98. Predict whether the reaction is spontaneous or not.
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Which quantity out of ∆rG and ∆rGΘ will be zero at equilibrium?
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Match the following parameters with description for spontaneity
| ∆ (Parameters) \[\ce{∆_rH^Θ, ∆_rS^Θ, ∆_rG^Θ}\] |
Description |
| (i) \[\ce{+ – +}\] | (a) Non-spontaneous at high temperature |
| (ii) \[\ce{– – + at high T}\] | (b) Spontaneous at all temperatures |
| (iii) \[\ce{– + –}\] | (c) Non-spontaneous at all temperatures |
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Assertion (A): Spontaneous process is an irreversible process and may be reversed by some external agency.
Reason (R): Decrease in enthalpy is a contributory factor for spontaneity.
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\[\ce{∆G}\] is net energy available to do useful work and is thus a measure of “free energy”. Show mathematically that ∆G is a measure of free energy. Find the unit of \[\ce{∆G}\]. If a reaction has positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change, under what condition will the reaction be spontaneous?
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\[\ce{K_a}\] for \[\ce{CH3COOH}\] is 1.8 × 10–5 and \[\ce{K_b}\] for \[\ce{NH4OH}\] is 1.8 × 10–5 . The \[\ce{pH}\] of ammonium acetate will be ______.
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Ionisation constant of a weak base MOH, is given by the expression
`K_b = ([M^+][OH^-])/([MOH])`
Values of ionisation constant of some weak bases at a particular temperature are given below:
| Base | Dimethylamine | Urea | Pyridine | Ammonia |
| \[\ce{K_b}\] | 5.4 × 10–4 | 1.3 × 10–14 | 1.77 × 10–9 | 1.77 × 10–5 |
Arrange the bases in decreasing order of the extent of their ionisation at equilibrium. Which of the above base is the strongest?
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