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Question
Write an answer to the following question in your own words.
Where are the methods of separation by distillation and by separating funnel used? Why?
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Solution
Distillation and separating funnels are used in the separation of liquid mixtures. Distillation is a method that is used for separating two miscible liquids. It is based on the difference in the boiling points of two liquids. Distillation can either be simple or fractional. Simple distillation can be used for liquids that have a huge difference in their boiling points, whereas fractional distillation is used in the case of liquids that have close boiling points. Distillation can be used in the production of gasoline, distilled water, xylene, alcohol, paraffin, and kerosene, apart from separating mixtures.
Separation using separating funnels is used in the case of immiscible liquids. It is based on the difference in the density of the two liquids. It can be used in the separation of oil from water, etc, two different types of immiscible oils, etc.
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Define Distillation
Match the type of mixture of compounds in Column I with the technique of separation/purification given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Two solids which have different solubilities in a solvent and which do not undergo reaction when dissolved in it. | (a) Steam distillation |
| (ii) Liquid that decomposes at its boiling point | (b) Fractional distillation |
| (iii) Steam volatile liquid | (c) Simple distillation |
| (iv) Two liquids which have boiling points close to each other | (d) Distillation under reduced pressure |
| (v) Two liquids with large difference in boiling points. | (e) Crystallisation |
What is distillation?
