Question

Write a note on the development of endosperm. Mention the types with examples.

Answer 1

Endosperm develops from the triploid primary endosperm nucleus formed by triple fusion. It usually begins developing before the embryo and supplies nourishment to it. The main types are:

1. Free-nuclear: Nuclei divide repeatedly without immediate cell-wall formation; coconut water is an example.
2. Cellular: Each nuclear division is followed by cell-wall formation.
3. Helobial: The first division forms two chambers; subsequent development is commonly free-nuclear, especially in the larger chamber.  

Endosperm persists in mature seeds such as coconut and cereals, but is consumed during development in many dicot seeds such as pea.