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Question
With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of chromosome.
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Solution
- Chromosomes are highly condensed and therefore are clearly visible in metaphase stage of cell division.
- A typical chromosome consists of two chromatids joined together at centromere also known as primary constriction.
- Primary constriction consists of a disk shape plate called kinetochore. During cell division, spindle fibres get attached to the kinetochore.
- Apart from primary constriction, some few chromosomes possess additional one or two constrictions called secondary constriction.
- At secondary constriction I (nucleolar organizer), the nucleolus becomes organized during interphase.
- A satellite body (SAT body) is attached at secondary constriction II, in very few chromosomes.
- Each chromatid in turn contains a long, unbranched, slender, highly coiled double-stranded DNA thread, called chromonema, extending through the length of the chromatid.
- The ends of the chromosome (i.e. chromatids) are known as telomeres.
Structure of Chromosome-
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