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Question
Why do soaps not work effectively in hard water?
One Line Answer
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Solution
Calcium and magnesium ions can be found in hard water. In hard water, these ions displace sodium or potassium from the salts that make up soaps, forming insoluble calcium or magnesium salts of fatty acids. As scum, these insoluble salts separate. This explains why soap does not dissolve in hard water.
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