Question

Which one of the following is the main form of degradation in irrigated areas?

Options

• Gully erosion

• Wind erosion

• Salinisation of soils

• Siltation of land

Answer 1

Salinisation of soils

Explanation:

In intensively cultivated and irrigated areas, over-irrigation and poor drainage systems lead to waterlogging. When excess water accumulates, the water table rises close to the surface, triggering capillary action. This process brings dissolved underground salts to the surface of the soil. As water evaporates under dry or warm climatic conditions, it leaves behind a concentrated salt crust. This extensive accumulation deteriorates soil fertility and turns productive arable land barren.