Question

Which of the following is a factor in vertical structuring of terrestrial ecosystems?

Options

• Plant structure

• Penetrance of sunlight

• Temperature

• All of these

Answer 1

All of these

Explanation:

Vertical structuring of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by multiple factors, such as plant structure, which determines the layering of vegetation; the penetration of sunlight, which affects light availability at different heights; and temperature, which varies with altitude and affects species distribution. Together, these factors create distinct vertical layers in terrestrial ecosystems.