Question

Which of the following correctly states the relation for refraction at a spherical surface?

Options

• \[ \frac{n_2}{v} + \frac{n_1}{u} = \frac{n_2 + n_1}{R} \]

• \[ \frac{n_2}{v} - \frac{n_1}{u} = \frac{n_2 - n_1}{R} \]

• \[ \frac{n_2}{u} - \frac{n_1}{v} = \frac{n_1 - n_2}{R} \]

• \[ \frac{n_1}{v} - \frac{n_2}{u} = \frac{n_1 - n_2}{R} \]

Answer 1

For refraction at a spherical surface, the standard relation is \[ \frac{n_2}{v} - \frac{n_1}{u} = \frac{n_2 - n_1}{R} \], where n₁ and n₂ are the refractive indices of the first and second media, u and v are the object and image distances, and R is the radius of curvature.