Question

Which of the following agencies of pollination is abiotic in nature?

Options

• Water in submerged environments (Hydrophily Hypo)

• Bats (Chiropterophily)

• Sunbirds (Ornithophily)

• Bumblebees (Entomophily)

Answer 1

Water in submerged environments (Hydrophily Hypo) is an abiotic agency of pollination because water is a non-living physical agent. Abiotic agents include wind (anemophily) and water (hydrophily), both of which are non-living elements that facilitate pollen transfer. In contrast, biotic agents such as insects, birds, and bats are living organisms that actively participate in pollination.