Question

Which negative interspecific relationship is represented by the sign notation (-, -) and affects both species adversely?

Options

• Amensalism

• Competition

• Parasitism

• Predation

Answer 1

Competition is the negative interspecific relationship represented by the sign notation (-, -), indicating that both species are harmed. Both organisms experience reduced fitness due to the struggle for limited resources such as space, light, food, or nutrients in their shared environment.