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Question
Which are the different types of micro-organisms?
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Solution
Microorganisms can be divided into 5 major groups, like:
Bacteria are the most primitive and diverse unicellular organisms found in the living world. They are prokaryotic in nature as their genetic material, i.e., DNA, is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Because of their unique biochemical pathways and properties, they are of high economic importance to human beings.
Fungi: Fungi is a group of eukaryotic, unicellular, as well as multicellular, non-photosynthetic organisms that includes mushrooms, moulds and yeasts. These organisms have a rigid cell wall made up of chitin and are found in diverse shapes and sizes.
Algae: Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis.
Protozoa: Protozoa are a group of unicellular micoorganisms that are non photosynthetic in nature. Many protozoa cause disease in animals and humans.
Viruses: Viruses are ultramicroscopic and non-cellular organisms. They have a simple structure, having genetic material coated by a protein coat. They are obligate parasites and highly pathogenic.
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Alcohol is produced with the help of _________.
The most common carrier of communicable diseases is ___________.
Match the organisms in Column A with their action in Column B.
| A | B | ||
| (i) | Bacteria | (a) | Fixing Nitrogen |
| (ii) | Rhizobium | (b) | Setting of curd |
| (iii) | Lactobacillus | (c) | Baking of bread |
| (iv) | Yeast | (d) | Causing Malaria |
| (v) | A protozoan | (e) | Causing Cholera |
| (vi) | A Virus | (f) | Causing AIDS |
| (g) | Producing antibodies |
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| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Louis Pasteur | (i) Penicillin |
| (b) Robert Koch | (ii) Anthrax bacterium |
| (c) Edward Jenner | (iii) Fermentation |
| (d) Alexander Fleming | (iv) Small pox vaccine |
| (v) Typhoid |
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