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Question
Which are the different types of micro-organisms?
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Solution
Microorganisms can be divided into 5 major groups, like:
Bacteria are the most primitive and diverse unicellular organisms found in the living world. They are prokaryotic in nature as their genetic material, i.e., DNA, is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Because of their unique biochemical pathways and properties, they are of high economic importance to human beings.
Fungi: Fungi is a group of eukaryotic, unicellular, as well as multicellular, non-photosynthetic organisms that includes mushrooms, moulds and yeasts. These organisms have a rigid cell wall made up of chitin and are found in diverse shapes and sizes.
Algae: Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis.
Protozoa: Protozoa are a group of unicellular micoorganisms that are non photosynthetic in nature. Many protozoa cause disease in animals and humans.
Viruses: Viruses are ultramicroscopic and non-cellular organisms. They have a simple structure, having genetic material coated by a protein coat. They are obligate parasites and highly pathogenic.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Match the organisms in Column A with their action in Column B.
| A | B | ||
| (i) | Bacteria | (a) | Fixing Nitrogen |
| (ii) | Rhizobium | (b) | Setting of curd |
| (iii) | Lactobacillus | (c) | Baking of bread |
| (iv) | Yeast | (d) | Causing Malaria |
| (v) | A protozoan | (e) | Causing Cholera |
| (vi) | A Virus | (f) | Causing AIDS |
| (g) | Producing antibodies |
Match the pairs
| ‘A’ group | ‘B’ group | ||
| a. | Xylitol | 1. | Pigment |
| b. | Citric acid | 2. | To impart sweetness |
| c. | Lycopene | 3. | Microbial restrictor |
| d. | Nycin | 4. | Protein binding emulsifier |
| 5. | To impart acidity | ||
Write the characteristics of viruses.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram.
Bacteriophage.
Give reasons.
A refrigerator is used in almost every home.
Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens.
Name the four major groups of Microbes.
Unscramble the jumbled word underlined in the following statement.
Cells of our body produce santiidobe to fight pathogens
Match the names of scientists given in Column A with the discovery made by them given in Column B.
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Louis Pasteur | (i) Penicillin |
| (b) Robert Koch | (ii) Anthrax bacterium |
| (c) Edward Jenner | (iii) Fermentation |
| (d) Alexander Fleming | (iv) Small pox vaccine |
| (v) Typhoid |
Mention the symptoms of poliomyelitis.
