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Question
Which are the different types of micro-organisms?
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Solution
Microorganisms can be divided into 5 major groups, like:
Bacteria are the most primitive and diverse unicellular organisms found in the living world. They are prokaryotic in nature as their genetic material, i.e., DNA, is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Because of their unique biochemical pathways and properties, they are of high economic importance to human beings.
Fungi: Fungi is a group of eukaryotic, unicellular, as well as multicellular, non-photosynthetic organisms that includes mushrooms, moulds and yeasts. These organisms have a rigid cell wall made up of chitin and are found in diverse shapes and sizes.
Algae: Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis.
Protozoa: Protozoa are a group of unicellular micoorganisms that are non photosynthetic in nature. Many protozoa cause disease in animals and humans.
Viruses: Viruses are ultramicroscopic and non-cellular organisms. They have a simple structure, having genetic material coated by a protein coat. They are obligate parasites and highly pathogenic.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Match the organisms in Column A with their action in Column B.
| A | B | ||
| (i) | Bacteria | (a) | Fixing Nitrogen |
| (ii) | Rhizobium | (b) | Setting of curd |
| (iii) | Lactobacillus | (c) | Baking of bread |
| (iv) | Yeast | (d) | Causing Malaria |
| (v) | A protozoan | (e) | Causing Cholera |
| (vi) | A Virus | (f) | Causing AIDS |
| (g) | Producing antibodies |
What are the major groups of microorganisms?
Match the pairs.
| ‘A’ group | ‘B’ group | ||
| a. | Xylitol | 1. | Pigment |
| b. | Citric acid | 2. | To impart sweetness |
| c. | Lycopene | 3. | Microbial restrictor |
| d. | Nycin | 4. | Protein binding emulsifier |
| 5. | To impart acidity | ||
Observe the following figure and answer the questions :
- Identify the process shown in the figure.
- Explain the process in short.
Find out my partner:
| A | B |
| Fungi | Chlorella |
| Protozoa | Bacteriophage |
| Virus | Candida |
| Algae | Amoeba |
| Bacteria | Prokaryotic |
State whether the following statement is true or false. Explain your statement.
Tomato wilt is a viral disease.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram.
Different types of bacteria.
Draw a neat and labelled diagram.
Bacteriophage.
How disease causing microorganisms enter into human beings?
Yeasts are a rich source of ______.
