Question

When the surface normal is parallel to the electric field (θ = 0°), what is the value of the flux?

Options

• \[\Phi = 0\]

• \[\Phi = -EA\]

• \[\Phi = EA\]

• \[\Phi = EA/2\]

Answer 1

When θ = 0°, \[\cos(0°) = 1\], so \[\Phi = EA \cos(0°) = EA\]. This represents the maximum positive flux, indicating that the maximum number of electric field lines cross the surface in the direction of the chosen normal.