Question

What structural or numerical changes can occur in chromosomal mutations?

Options

• Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, or gain/loss of chromosome

• Only base substitution

• Only insertion or deletion of single bases

• Only thymine dimer formation

Answer 1

Chromosomal mutations involve large-scale changes including structural aberrations (deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation) and numerical aberrations (gain or loss of entire chromosomes). These mutations operate at the gross or macro level, affecting large segments of genetic information and can result in significant phenotypic effects, as seen in cancer cells and syndromes like Down's syndrome.