Question

What does the term 'in vitro' refer to in the context of genetic engineering?

Options

• Large-scale industrial production methods

• Processes conducted outside living organisms in laboratory conditions

• Traditional fermentation techniques

• Processes that occur naturally within living organisms

Answer 1

The term 'in vitro' refers to processes conducted outside living organisms in laboratory conditions, literally meaning 'in glass.' In genetic engineering, in vitro techniques allow scientists to manipulate DNA and RNA directly in controlled laboratory environments, enabling precise modifications that would be difficult to achieve in living organisms.