Question

What does negative electric flux indicate?

Options

• Electric field lines enter inward or go opposite to the chosen normal direction

• Electric field lines are parallel to the surface

• The electric field has zero magnitude

• Electric field lines go outward along the chosen normal

Answer 1

Negative electric flux indicates that the electric field lines enter the surface opposite to the direction of the chosen area vector normal. This occurs when the angle is obtuse (90° < θ ≤ 180°), making the cosine term negative.