Question

What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms?

Answer 1

At first glucose (6 carbon molecules) is broken in the cytoplasm of cells of all organisms. This process yields a 3-carbon molecule compound called pyruvate. Further breakdownof pyruvate takes place in different manners in different organisms.

1. Anaerobic Respiration: This process takes place in the absence of oxygen, e.g., in yeast during fermentation. In this case, pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
2. Aerobic Respiration: In aerobic respiration, the breakdown of pyruvate takes place in the presence of oxygen to give rise to 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and water. The release of energy in aerobic respiration is much more than in anaerobic respiration.
3. Lack of Oxygen: Sometimes, when there is a lack of oxygen, especially during vigorous activity, in our muscles, pyruvate is converted into lactic acid (3-carbon molecule compounds). Formation of lactic acid in muscles causes cramps.

Answer 2

Glucose is oxidised in two ways to provide energy.

1. Aerobic respiration: Glucose is completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen, with the release of a considerable amount of energy. This type of oxidation occurs in most of the living organisms, such as human beings, birds, snakes, frogs, fish, etc.
2. Anaerobic respiration: This type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen. In this type of oxidation, glucose is partially oxidised to ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast and other bacteria) or lactic acid (muscles during physical exercise and some bacteria) with the release of a small amount of energy.