Question

Transported sediments get deposited in layers, leading to increased pressure and temperature on the lower layers. Select the correct sequence of processes involved in the lithification of these sediments.

Options

• Compaction – Evaporation – Cementation.

• Evaporation – Compaction – Cementation.

• Evaporation – Cementation – Compaction.

• Evaporation – Dehydration – Cementation.

Answer 1

Compaction – Evaporation – Cementation.

Explanation:

The correct sequence in the lithification of transported sediments starts with compaction, where the weight of overlying layers compresses the sediments, reducing pore spaces. This is followed by evaporation, which removes water from the sediments, helping dissolved minerals to remain behind. Finally, cementation occurs as minerals like silica, calcium compounds, or iron precipitate and bind the compacted particles together, turning loose sediments into solid rock. This sequence explains how sediments gradually transform into sedimentary rock through lithification.