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Question
Though urban areas are inhabited by the privileged as well as the underprivileged, the interactions between these two groups are minimal and often prejudiced.
Which one of the following ways can be used to reduce this prejudice?
Options
Social categorisation
In-group conflict
Stereotyping
Re-categorisation
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Solution
Re-categorisation
Explanation:
Re-categorizing and reconstructing social categories can reduce or eliminate conflicts between groups or individuals. Re-categorisation aims to enhance peace, cooperation, and positive intergroup connections by changing how social groups are seen and characterized.
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| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the ‘intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so called ‘intellectual bloomers’ had improved the most because of the teachers' efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
Explain the cognitive and behavioural components of the teachers’ attitude towards the ‘intellectual bloomers’ in the Rosenthal study
