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Question
The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \[\ce{NO^{+}2}\] , \[\ce{NO^{-}3}\] and \[\ce{NH^{+}4}\] respectively are expected to be ______.
Options
sp, sp3 and sp2
sp, sp2 and sp3
sp2, sp and sp3
sp2, sp3 and sp
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Solution
The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \[\ce{NO^{+}2}\] , \[\ce{NO^{-}3}\] and \[\ce{NH^{+}4}\] respectively are expected to be sp, sp2 and sp3.
Explanation:
The number of orbitals involved in hybridization can be determined by the application of formula:
\[\ce{H = 1/2 [V + M - C + A]}\]
Where H = number of orbitals involved in hybridization
V = valence electrons of central atom
M = number of monovalent atoms linked with central atom
C = charge on the cation
A = charge on the anion
\[\ce{NO^{+}2 : H = 1/2 [5 + 0 - 1 + 0] = 2 or sp}\]
\[\ce{NO^{-}3 : H = 1/2 [5 + 0 - 0 + 1] = 3 or sp^2}\]
\[\ce{NH^{+}4 : H = 1/2 [5 + 4 - 1 + 0] = 4 or sp^3}\]
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