Question

The surface of any conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is an equipotential surface because:

Options

• Free electrons on the surface create a potential barrier

• The charge density on the conductor is always uniform

• Inside a conductor \[\vec{E}\] = 0, so no work is done in any displacement, making all points — surface and interior — the same potential

• Inside a conductor the potential varies linearly with depth

Answer 1

Inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium, \[\vec{E}\] = 0. Since no work is done in any displacement within a zero-field region, all points — both the surface and the interior — are at the same potential, making the entire conductor an equipotential volume.