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Question
The polynomial kx3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6 when divided by (x + 1), leaves a remainder of 6.
- Find the value of k.
- Using the value of k factorise completely the polynomial kx3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6.
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Solution
(a) Using the remainder theorem,
If polynomial P(x) is divided by (x − a), the remainder is P(a).
x + 1 = 0
x = −1
Thus, on substituting value x = −1 in kx3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6, we get:
⇒ k(−1)3 + 3(−1)2 − 11(−1) − 6 = 6
⇒ −k + 3 + 11 − 6 = 6
⇒ −k + 8 = 6
⇒ −k = 6 − 8
⇒ k = 2
Hence, the value of k = 2.
(b) P(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6
Substituting value x = 2 in P(x), we get:
⇒ P(x) = 2(2)3 + 3(2)2 − 11(2) − 6
⇒ P(2) = 2(8) + 3(4) − 22 − 6
⇒ P(2) = 16 + 12 − 22 − 6
⇒ P(2) = 28 − 28
⇒ P(2) = 0
Since, P(2) = 0, thus (x − 2) is a factor of P(x).
`x - 2")"overline(2x^3 + 3x^2 - 11x - 6)"(2x^2 + 7x + 3`
2x3 – 4x2
– +
7x2 − 11x
7x2 − 14x
– +
3x – 6
3x – 6
– +
×
∴ 2x3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6 = (x − 2)(2x2 + 7x + 3)
= (x − 2)(2x2 + 6x + x + 3)
= (x − 2)[2x(x + 3) + 1(x + 3)]
= (x − 2)(2x + 1)(x + 3)
Hence, 2x3 + 3x2 − 11x − 6 = (x − 2)(2x + 1)(x + 3).
