Question

The graph given below represents demographic transition in India during the years 1901 - 2011. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

1. Phase III indicates a significant change in the population of India. Give any two reasons to account for this change.  [2]
2. Why is the year 1921 called a year of demographic divide? Give any two reasons for your answer.  [2]

Answer 1

1. Between 1951 and 1981, India’s population grew significantly for various causes, including:
   1. Decline in Death Rate: Improved healthcare, cleanliness, and disease control resulted in lower death rates and increased life expectancy.
   2. High Birth Rate: During this time, couples had more children for social and economic reasons, and family planning awareness was minimal.
2. In 1921, India experienced inconsistent population growth and high death rates, making it known as the year of demographic division. After 1921, the population steadily increased as death rates decreased and health conditions improved.