Question

State the working principle of a transformer and explain how it is a key component in the transfer of electrical power over long distances.

Answer 1

A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. An AC transformer can increase the output potential (voltage).

Since P = `V/I` an increase in output voltage results in a decrease in output current.

This reduces the power loss in transmission wires because power loss (I²R) decreases when current is reduced.

Therefore, electrical power is transmitted over long distances at high voltage and low current.

Near the cities and consumers, the voltage is again stepped down to safer values.