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Question
State the principle on which SONAR is based.
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Solution
Sonar is an instrument that makes use of ultrasonic waves for sound ranging. It is equipped to measure even short time intervals quite accurately.
Sonar works on the principle of echoes. A strong and short (ultrasonic) sound signal is sent towards the bottom of the ocean. It then detects the echo of this signal. By noting the time after which the reflected sound (echo) reaches back, we can calculate the depth of the ocean using the formula.
Depth of ocean = `(v t)/2`, where v is the velocity of the ultrasonic wave.
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