Question

Soil formation and protection as an ecosystem service is primarily provided by which biological structures and processes?

Options

• Pollinator activity and seed dispersal

• Herbivore grazing patterns

• Leaf litter decomposition alone

• Root systems and microbial activity

Answer 1

Root systems of plants and microbial activity in soil work together to form and protect soil. These structures and processes prevent erosion and support farming by maintaining soil structure and fertility.