Question

Read the following text carefully:

To ensure inclusive and quality education for all, the Indian government has launched several important schemes. These schemes aimed at improving access, equity and learning outcomes, especially among, disadvantaged group. The Right to Education (RTE) Act, passed by the India Parliament on August 4, 2009, guarantees free and compulsory education to every child between 6-14 years of age. It ensures that all children have access to education in neightbourhood schools, until they complete elementary education. Another key initiative is Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA). It was introduced in 2001. It is one of India’s flagship programmes for the Universalisation of Elementary Education. Digital India Campaign, launched on July 1, 2015, focuses on transforming India into a digitally empowered society by improving mobile and internet connectivity, particularly in rural and remote regions. This initiative supports digital learning & access to educational resources. Through these initiatives, the government strives to create an equitable, accessible & quality driven educational environment for all children, laying a strong foundation for national development.

On the basis of the given text and common understanding, answer the following questions:

1. Identify, which law guarantees free and compulsory education upto the age of 14 years. Explain, how does it help in enhancing access to education.     [3]
2. In your opinion, how has the increase in public spending on education contributed to India’s social and economic transformation? Support your answer with valid arguments.     [3]

Answer 1

1. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act), passed on August 4, 2009, guarantees free and compulsory elementary education for every child aged 6-14 years.
   • Guarantees free education and requires state provision of schooling, so cost is not a barrier for poor families.
   • Requires admission in neighbourhood schools and places duties on local authorities to ensure school availability, reducing distance/time barriers.
   • Includes safeguards against exclusion that increase enrolment, retention and reduce discrimination.
2. Increased public spending on education catalyses “Human Capital Formation.” Socially, it promotes equity by allowing children from marginalised communities to break the cycle of poverty. Economically, it creates a skilled workforce. As the population’s literacy rate and technical skills improve (aided by schemes like Digital India), the country sees a boost in productivity, innovation, and GDP growth. An educated population is also better at understanding health and civic duties, thereby improving overall quality of life.