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Question
On what principle are the following methods of separation based? Give one example of a mixture for each of the methods mentioned in which they are used
Fractional distillation :
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Solution
Fractional distillation : The process of distillation is used for separating the components of a homogeneous liquid-liquid mixture, like water and alcohol. This is based on the fact that alcohol boils at a lower temperature than water. The vapour of alcohol are collected and cooled while water is left behind in the original vessel. Thus, two liquids having different boiling points can be separated by distillation provided that difference in their boiling points must be 25 °C or more.
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Alcohol can be separated from water by ______.
Match the type of mixture of compounds in Column I with the technique of separation/purification given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Two solids which have different solubilities in a solvent and which do not undergo reaction when dissolved in it. | (a) Steam distillation |
| (ii) Liquid that decomposes at its boiling point | (b) Fractional distillation |
| (iii) Steam volatile liquid | (c) Simple distillation |
| (iv) Two liquids which have boiling points close to each other | (d) Distillation under reduced pressure |
| (v) Two liquids with large difference in boiling points. | (e) Crystallisation |
Assertion (A): Simple distillation can help in separating a mixture of propan-1-ol (boiling point 97°C) and propanone (boiling point 56°C).
Reason (R): Liquids with a difference of more than 20°C in their boiling points can be separated by simple distillation.
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