Question

Natural disasters are stressful experiences that are a result of nature’s fury. There are ways of being prepared to minimise their devastating consequences. Develop any one action plan which can be used at the community level and will help people to deal with the disasters effectively.

Answer 1

To reduce the severe impact of a natural disaster, an action plan should involve the following measures:

1. Warnings: Such warnings inform people about the actions they should take when a natural disaster is likely to occur. For example, fishermen are advised not to venture into the sea when there is a possibility of cyclones.
2. Safety Measures: In certain natural disasters such as earthquakes, even though prediction may be possible, the events occur so suddenly that people cannot be warned or mentally prepared in time. Therefore, guidelines are provided in advance on how to act when such disasters occur.
3. Treatment of psychological disorders: It involves both self-help methods and professional intervention.
   1. Initially, essential relief such as food, shelter, clothing, and medicines is provided.
   2. Individual and group counselling is offered, where survivors are encouraged to share their experiences and emotions and are given adequate time to heal emotionally. Developing self-efficacy, the belief that “I can do it,” is also important.
   3. Psychiatric assistance is required for individuals who show severe stress reactions.
   4. Rehabilitation should include providing employment opportunities and helping survivors gradually return to their normal daily routine.
   5. Continuous follow-up of victims and survivors is necessary to ensure they have sufficiently recovered from the trauma.