Question

Name and discuss their contribution to global warming. What can be the effects of global warming? What are the remedial measures?

Answer 1

Greenhouse gases and their contribution to global warming:

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released mainly by burning coal, petroleum and other fossil fuels in vehicles, industries, power stations and homes. Its increasing concentration traps more heat in the atmosphere.
• Methane is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the warming of the atmosphere.
• Nitrous oxide is released through some human activities, including farming, and also traps heat.
• Water vapour and synthetic fluorinated gases also contribute to the greenhouse effect. Together, these gases hold heat in the atmosphere and raise Earth’s average temperature. CFCs are especially known for depleting the ozone layer.

Effects of global warming:

• It raises atmospheric temperatures and contributes to climate change.
• Higher temperatures melt mountain and continental glaciers, which can raise sea levels and increase the risk of flooding in coastal areas.
• Increased carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water, making it more acidic and potentially reducing marine ecosystem productivity.
• Changes in climate can disturb natural habitats and adversely affect plants, animals and people.

Remedial measures:

• Reduce vehicle emissions by using cleaner fuels such as CNG and unleaded petrol, maintaining vehicles and following Bharat Stage emission standards.
• Switch off vehicle engines at traffic signals to avoid unnecessary fuel use and emissions.
• Reduce the use of fossil fuels and improve energy efficiency in homes, transport and industries.
• Plant and protect trees through social forestry, since trees absorb carbon dioxide.
• Practise organic farming and limit the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
• Treat sewage and industrial effluents before discharge, and reduce, reuse and recycle waste.
• Avoid single-use plastics and support measures such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan that promote cleaner surroundings and responsible waste disposal.