Question

Manufacturing of a car requires special consideration of its overall weight. More weight of the car means more consumption of fuel during the driving. Hence, engineers are always in search of such an alloy that can be used to reduce the overall weight of a car without compromising on the strength of components and hence the safety of the passengers.

Considering the scenario discussed above, suggest which type of alloy might be suitable for the automobile industry? Also, do research, using the internet, to find out what kind of metals or alloys automobile companies are using currently to manufacture cars.

Answer 1

The most suitable alloy for the automobile industry would be a lightweight alloy with a high strength-to-weight ratio, especially an aluminium alloy. Aluminium alloys are light, strong, corrosion-resistant and can help reduce the overall weight of a vehicle without greatly compromising safety.

Research shows that modern automobile companies use a combination of materials rather than a single metal. These include:

• Aluminium alloys are used for body panels, chassis and structural parts because they are lightweight.
• Advanced high-strength steel (AHSS) is used in safety-critical parts because it provides high strength while allowing thinner and lighter components.
• Magnesium alloys used for selected lightweight components such as seat frames and interior structures.
• Carbon-fibre-reinforced composites are used mainly in high-performance vehicles because they are very light and strong, although expensive.

Thus, a combination of aluminium alloys and high-strength steel is commonly suitable for manufacturing modern cars, as it provides a good balance between low weight, strength, safety and cost.