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Question
Make a table indicating the glands, hormones produced, their main functions and diseases caused due to their hypo and hypersecretions.
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Solution
| Glands | Hormones | Functions | Diseases due to hyposecretion | Diseases due to hypersecretion |
| 1. Pituitary gland |
Anterior Lobe: a. Growth hormone/Somatotrophin b. Adrenocorticotrop hic hormone c. Thyroid stimulating hormone Posterior Lobe : a. Antidiuretic hormone b. oxytocin |
It is essential for the normal growth of an organism. It stimulates the activity of adrenal cortex. It stimulates the activity of thyroid glands as well as their growth. It controls water and salt balance of body fluids. It stimulates contraction of smooth muscles of uterus during child birth. |
a. Dwarfism Addision's disease Cretinism Diabetes insipidus |
a. Gigantism Cushing's disease Goitre |
| 2. Thyroid |
a. Thyroxine b. Calcitonin |
It speeds up basal metabolic rate of the body . It causes the deposition of calcium in the bones. |
Cretinism | Goitre |
| 3. Parathyroid | a. Parathormone | It maintains the calcium level in the blood. | ||
| 4. Thymus | a. Thymus | Helps in the growth of children and provides immunity. | ||
| 5. Pancreas |
a. Insulin b. Glucagon |
It lowers the glucose level in the blood It raises the level of glucose in the blood. |
Diabetes mellitus | Hypoglycemia |
| 6. Adrenal glands |
Adrenal cortex: a. Mineralocorticoids
b. Glucocorticoids
c. Sexcorticoids |
They regulate mineral metabolism in the body They regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates , fats and proteins in the body. They help in the development of secondary sexual characters. |
Addision's disease | Cushing's syndrome |
|
Adrenal Medulla :
b. Noradrenaline |
It brings rapid physiological responses to emergencies like danger, fear or other situations requiring vigorous action. It regulates the blood pressure under normal conditions. |
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| 7. Testes | Testes: a. Testosterone |
It stimulates male secondary sexual characters. | ||
| 8. Ovary |
Ovary:
b. Progesterone |
It stimulates female secondary sexual characters. It helps in the contraction of uterus during the birth of a baby, |
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