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Question
If y (3x – y) : x (4x + y) = 5 : 12. Find (x² + y²) : (x + y)².
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Solution
If y (3x – y) : x (4x + y) = 5 : 12
Find (x2 + y2) : (x + y)2
`(3xy - y^2)/(4x^2 + xy) = (5)/(12)`
⇒ 36xy – 12y2 = 20x2 + 5xy
⇒ 20x2 + 5xy – 36xy + 12y2 = 0
⇒ 20x2 – 31xy + 12y2 = 0
⇒ `20x^2/y^2 - 31 xy/y^2 + (12y^2)/y^2` = 0 ...(Dividing by y2)
⇒ `20(x^2/y^2) - 31((xy)/y^2) + 12` = 0
⇒ `20(x/y)^2 -15(x/y) -16(x/y) + 12` = 0
⇒ `5(x/y)[4(x/y) -3] -4[4(x/y) -3]` = 0
⇒ `[4(x/y) -3][5(x/y) -4]` = 0
Either `[4(x/y) -3]` = 0,
then `4(x/y)` = 3
⇒ `x/y = (3)/(4)`
or `[5(x/y) -4]` = 0
then `5(x/y)` = 4
⇒ `x/y = (4)/(5)`
(a) When `x/y = (3)/(4)`
then (x2 : y2) : (x+ y)2
= `(x^2 + y^2)/(x + y)^2`
= `(x^2/y^2 + y^2/y^2)/(y^2/(1/y^2(x + y)^2` ...(Dividing by y2)
= `(x^2/y^2 + 1)/((x/y + 1)`
= `(3/4)^2/(3/4 + 1)^2`
= `((9)/(16) + 1)/(7/4)^2`
= `(25/16)/(49/16)`
= `(25)/(16) xx (16)/(49)`
= `(25)/(49)`
∵ (x2 + y2) : (x + y)2 = 25 : 49
(b) When `x/y = (4)/(5)`, then
`(x^2 y^2)/((x + y)^2`
= `(x^2/y^2 + 1)/((x/y + 1)^2`
= `((x/y)^2 + 1)/(x/y + 1)^2`
= `((4/5)^2 + 1)/(4/5 + 1)^2`
= `(16/25 + 1)/(9/5)^2`
= `(41/25)/(81/25)`
= `(41)/(25) xx (25)/(81)`
= `(41)/(81)`
∵ (x2 + y2) : (x + y)2 = 41 : 81.
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