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If W Is a Complex Cube Root of Unity, Show that `([[1 W W^2],[W W^2 1],[W^2 1 W]]+[[W W^2 1],[W^2 1 W],[W W^2 1]])[[1],[W],[W^2]]=[[0],[0],[0]]`

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Question

If w is a complex cube root of unity, show that

`([[1         w          w^2],[w            w^2             1],[w^2           1             w]]+[[w          w^2          1],[w^2             1               w],[w            w^2              1]])[[1],[w],[w^2]]=[[0],[0],[0]]`

Sum
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Solution

\[Here, \]
\[LHS = \left( \begin{bmatrix}1 & w & w^2 \\ w & w^2 & 1 \\ w^2 & 1 & w\end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix}w & w^2 & 1 \\ w^2 & 1 & w \\ w & w^2 & 1\end{bmatrix} \right)\begin{bmatrix}1 \\ w \\ w^2\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}1 + w & w + w^2 & w^2 + 1 \\ w + w^2 & w^2 + 1 & 1 + w \\ w^2 + w & 1 + w^2 & w + 1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\ w \\ w^2\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}- w^2 & - 1 & - w \\ - 1 & - w & - w^2 \\ - 1 & - w & - w^2\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1 \\ w \\ w^2\end{bmatrix} \] `(∴ 1 + w +w^2 = 0  and w^3 =1 )`
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}- w^2 - w - w^3 \\ - 1 - w^2 - w^4 \\ - 1 - w^2 - w^4\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}- w\left( 1 + w + w^2 \right) \\ - 1 - w^2 - w^3 w \\ - 1 - w^2 - w^3 w\end{bmatrix}\]
`[ (-w xx 0) , (-1  -w -w) ,( -1 -w^2    -w)]`    ` (∵  1 + w + w^2   = 0 and  w^3 = 1)`
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}0 \\ - 0 \\ - 0\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}0 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ \therefore \left( \begin{bmatrix}1 & w & w^2 \\ w & w^2 & 1 \\ w^2 & 1 & w\end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix}w & w^2 & 1 \\ w^2 & 1 & w \\ w & w^2 & 1\end{bmatrix} \right)\begin{bmatrix}1 \\ w \\ w^2\end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}0 \\ 0 \\ 0\end{bmatrix}\]

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Chapter 4: Algebra of Matrices - Exercise 5.3 [Page 43]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 4 Algebra of Matrices
Exercise 5.3 | Q 21 | Page 43
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