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Question
How will you identify the HCl gas using silver nitrate solution? Give reactions involved.
Long Answer
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Solution
When hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is passed through a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3), a curdy white precipitate of silver chloride (AgCl) is formed.
To confirm the test, this white precipitate is treated with ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The precipitate completely dissolves in excess ammonium hydroxide to form a clear, soluble complex.
\[ \text{AgNO}_3 + \text{HCl} \longrightarrow \text{AgCl}\downarrow\text{ (white ppt.)} + \text{HNO}_3 \]
\[ \text{AgCl} + 2\text{NH}_4\text{OH} \longrightarrow [\text{Ag(NH}_3)_2]\text{Cl}\text{ (soluble)} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
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