Question

How does the ‘system of three lists’ function in Indian federalism? Explain with examples.

Answer 1

The ‘system of three lists’ in Indian federalism divides legislative functions between the Union and State governments under the Seventh Schedule to ensure clear jurisdiction.

1. Union List: Includes national-level issues concerning which only the Central Government has the authority to pass legislation. Examples include defence, foreign affairs, and banking.
2. State List: Contains subjects of local or state significance over which state governments have exclusive legislative responsibility. Examples include police, agriculture, and public health.
3. Concurrent List: Includes subjects of common interest for both. Both the Union and the States have the authority to establish laws, but in the event of a conflict, Union law takes priority. Examples include education, forests, and marriage.