Question

How does an orchid function as a commensal on a mango tree?

Options

• It extracts all necessary minerals from the tree's vascular system

• It gains support and sunlight without absorbing the tree's nutrients

• It produces chemical compounds that protect the tree from pests

• It provides pollination services to the mango tree in return

Answer 1

An orchid is an epiphyte that grows on a mango tree to obtain physical support and improved access to sunlight. Crucially, the orchid does not penetrate the tree's tissues or absorb any of its nutrients, making it a true commensal. The mango tree is neither benefited nor harmed by the orchid's presence.