Question

How do forests help in controlling floods?

Answer 1

Forests help control floods in several key ways:

1. Absorbing Rainwater: The thick canopy of trees intercepts heavy rainfall, slowing its descent to the ground. Furthermore, the spongy humus layer and leaf litter on the forest floor absorb large amounts of water, much like a giant sponge.
2. Promoting Groundwater Recharge: Tree roots create loose, porous soil channels that allow rainwater to seep deeply into the ground rather than flow off quickly on the top.
3. Reducing Surface Runoff: By slowing the flow of water and anchoring the soil with extensive root systems, forests considerably reduce peak surface runoff, preventing unexpected surges and river overflows during severe monsoons.