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Question
H2O is liquid while H2S is gas at room temperature. Explain.
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Solution
- Due to greater electronegativity of O than S, H2O undergoes extensive intermolecular H-bonding. As a result, H2O exists as an associated molecule in which each O is tetrahedrally surrounded by four water molecules. Quite a larger amount of energy is required to break these H-bonds. Therefore, H2O is a liquid at room temperature.
- In contrast, H2S does not undergo H-bonding. It exists as discrete molecules which are held together by weak van der Waals forces of attraction. To break these forces of attraction, only a small amount of energy is required. Therefore, H2S is a gas at room temperature.
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