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Question
Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.
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Solution
The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Gandhi in 1930. People in various parts of the country began to manufacture salt and picketed shops selling liquor and foreign goods. The government reacted by arresting several Congress leaders. This led to violent clashes among the police and people at several places. For example, when Abdul Ghaffar Khan was arrested in April 1930, angry crowds demonstrated and protested in the streets of Peshawar. Many were killed during the police firing. A month later, when Gandhi was arrested, people and workers in many towns attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations. The government responded with the policy of brutal repression. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were brutally beaten and many thousands of people were arrested. Under such circumstances, Gandhi decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement.
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Match List I with list II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
|
List I |
List II |
||
|
1. |
Pressure group |
Α. |
Narmada Bachao Andolan |
|
2. |
Long-term movement |
Β. |
Asom Gana Parishad |
|
3. |
Single issue movement |
C. |
Women’s Movement |
|
4. |
Political party |
D. |
Fertilizer dealers’ association |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
(a) |
D |
C |
A |
B |
|
(b) |
B |
A |
D |
C |
|
(c) |
C |
D |
B |
A |
|
(d) |
B |
D |
C |
A |
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of two districts, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later, Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005.
In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?
Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the 'Non-Cooperation Movement'? How did this movement unite the country? Explain.
