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Question
Find the missing figures in the following table:
| x | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
| y | 7 | 11 | - | 18 | - | 32 |
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Solution
Here y0 = 7
y1 = 11
y2 = ?
y3 = 18
y4 = ?
y5 = 32
Since only four values of f(x) are given
The polynomial which fits the data is of degree three.
Hence fourth differences are zeros.
Δ4yk = 0
(i.e) (E – 1)4yk = 0
(i.e) (E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)yk = 0 ........(1)
Put k = 0 in (1)
(E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)y0 = 0
E4y0 – 4E3y0 + 6E2y0 – 4Ey0 + y0 = 0
y4 – 4y3 + 6y2 – 4y1 + y0 = 0
y4 – 4(18) + 6y2 – 4(11) + 7 = 0
y4 – 72 + 6y2 – 44 + 7 = 0
y4 + 6y2 = 109 .........(2)
Put k = 1 in (1)
(E4 – 4E3 + 6E2 – 4E + 1)y1 = 0
[E4 y1 – 4E y1 + 6E2 y1 – 4Ey1 + y] = 0
y5 – 4y4 + 6y3 – 4y2 + y1 = 0
32 – 4(y4) + 6(18) — 4(y2) + 11 = 0
32 – 4y4 + 108 – 4y2 + 11 = 0
– 4y4 – 4y2 + 151 = 0
4y4 + 4y2 = 151 .........(3)
Solving equation (1) and (2)
Equation (1) × 4 ⇒ 4y4 + 24y2 = 436
Equation (2) ⇒ 4y4 + 4y2 = 151
(–) (–) (–)
20y2 = 285
y2 = `285/20`
⇒ y2 = 14.25
Substitute y2 = 14.25 in equation (1)
y4 + 6(14.25) = 109
y4 + 25.50 = 109
y4 = 109 – 85.5
∴ y4 = 23.5
∴ Required two missing values are 14.25 and 23.5.
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